Friday, December 31, 2010
new year greetings
Happy New Year 2011
Thursday, December 23, 2010
Monday, November 29, 2010
Top Medical Colleges of India
The top medical colleges of India have always earned the appreciation of discerning students. These top medical colleges offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs in medical science. Students may pursue their MBBS, BDS, MS, MDS, MD and other degrees from the top medical colleges of India. When it comes to education, it is necessary to select the best institute to strengthen the career growth of your son or daughter. An MBBS degree from a reputed medical college enhances your child’s career growth prospects.
Features of Top Medical Colleges of India
Medical Council of India (MCI) is in charge of the medical education of the nation. The organization is entrusted with the duty of inspecting and monitoring the institutions that offer medical education in India. The top medical colleges of India offer research, teaching and even patient care facilities.
Students can opt for para-medical and medical courses leading to undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. Apart from theoretical education, students are also given enough scope for continuing their research studies and practical training. One can come across prestigious medical institutions in both cities and districts of the nation. Candidates may even pursue their undergraduate degree in Nursing, Speech and Hearing, Opthalmic Techniques, Human Biology and Medical Technology in Radiography. Hostel facilities are there for the out station students.
Eligibility and Admission Procedure at the Top Medical Colleges of India
Candidates who have qualified their 10+2 examination or equivalent in science stream are eligible to apply for admission in the top medical colleges of India. Candidates are however, selected on the basis of their performance in the entrance examinations. Candidates with a bachelor’s degree in the relevant field may also look for admission in the postgraduate programs. The MBBS program offered by the medical colleges is of four years and six months duration. It is also essential for the students to go through a residential internship program conducted for a period of one year.
In order to know more about education in India,
you may browse through our site.List of Top 10 Medical Colleges in India -
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, DelhiAnsari Nagar, New Delhi 110029
Ph: 91-11-26588500, 91-11-26588700, Fax : 91-11-26588663, 91-11-26588641
Web: www.aiims.edu ,Web: www.aiims.ac.in
Armed Forces Medical College, Pune
Dogra B B Dept of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,
Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040 India
Website: www.afmcpune.com
Christian Medical College, Vellore
Vellore 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India
Ph: 91-416- 2222102, 2223603, 2222722, 2225535, 2222716
Website:www.mch-vellore.edu
JIPMER, Pondicherry
Dhanvantri Nagar, Gorimedu, Pondicherry - 605 006, India
Telephone: (0413) 2272380 - 90 (11 lines)
Fax : (0413) 2272067 (Director), 2272066(Dean), 2272735(M.S.)
E-mail : director@jipmer.edu
Website: www.jipmer.edu
Kasturba Medical College Chennai
Kasturba Medical College (KMC)
Madhav Nagar, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, INDIA.
Phone: +91 820 2571201 - 2571230
Fax: +91 820 2571927, 2570061, 2570062
Lady Hardinge Medical College
Bhagat Singh Road, Pin - 110001
New Delhi, Phone: 23343984
Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi
Bahadur Shah Jafar Marg, New Delhi - 110002
Phone: (011) 23239271/ 72/ 73/ 74/ 23231478
E-mail: deanmamc@vsnl.net
Web:www.mamc.ac.in
Grant Medical College
J.J.Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai-8
Phone No:-022-3735555, Fax:-3735599
St John's Medical College, Bangalore, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore - 560 034
Ph: 080-22065000, Fax: 080-25530070
E-mail: sjmch@vsnl.com stjohns@blr.vsnl.net.in
Madras Medical College
Periyar EVR Salai, Park Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 600 003
Ph: 91-44-25361536,Fax: 91-44-25361536
E-mail:info@madrasmedicalcollege.edu
Top Commerce Colleges in India
On this page, we have provided a list of the top ten Commerce Colleges in India. This list of top Commerce colleges in India has been arrived at after scanning thorough many Indian Commerce colleges and after going through many surveys. Though we have tried to get the most accurate information on the top 10 Commerce colleges in India, if there is any discrepancy then we will not be shouldering any responsibility. If anyone tends to disagree with list of the best 10 Commerce colleges in India, please do feel free to write to us. 
Top 10 Commerce Colleges in India
Shri Ram College of Commerce (SRCC) Delhi
University of Delhi, Maurice Nagar, Delhi-110007.
Ph: 011- 27667905
FAX: 011-27666510
Email: srcc@indiatimes.com
Web:www.srcc.edu
Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi
Lajpat Nagar-IV, New Delhi 110024 India
Phones: 91-11-26434459, 26460400, 26460434
Fax: 91-11-26216951
Web:www.lsrcollege.org
E-mail: lsrc@vsnl.com
Loyola College, Chennai
Sterling Road Chennai - 600034 Tamil Nadu, India
Phone: +91-44-28178200
Fax: +91-44-28175566
Email: helpdesk@loyolacollege.edu
Web:www.loyolacollege.edu
St Xavier's College, Kolkata
St. Xavier's College 30 Park Street Kolkata-700016
Ph: (91-33) 2287-5995
More Details...
Email : xaviers@cal3.vsnl.net.in
Web:www.sxccal.edu/start.htm
Christ College Bangalore
ADDRESS: Hosur Road, Bangalore -29, India
PHONE NUMBERS: +91 80 4012 9100, +91 80 4012 9012 (IVRS)
FAX:+91 80 4012 9000
Email : principal@christcollege.edu
Web: www.christcollege.edu
Madras Christian College , Chennai,
The Alumni & Public Relations Officer
Madras Christian College,Tambaram, Chennai 600 059
INDIA
Phone / Fax +91 44 22397731 +91 44 22394352
Email : apro@mcc.edu.in
Symbiosis Society's College of Arts & Commerce, Pune
Senapati Bapat Road, Pune - 411 004
Tel: (020) 5653903 Fax: 5651850
E-mail: sbmujumdar@vsnl.net
Presidency College, Chennai
Kamarajar Salai, Chepauk - 600005 Chennai (Madras) Tamil Nadu
Phone: (044) 8544894, Fax: 044-8510732
St Joseph's College, Bangalore
Residency Road Bangalore
Ph: 080-22245831, 22211429
Hans Raj College
University of Delhi
Mahatma Hans Raj Marg
Malka Ganj, Delhi - 110007, India
Telephone : +91-11-27667747, +91-11-27667458
Fax :+91-11-27666338
E-mail:hrcdu@rediffmail.com,hrc_admissions@rediffmail.com
Top Arts Colleges in India
On this page, we have provided a list of the top ten Arts Colleges in India. This list of top Arts colleges in India has been arrived at after scanning thorough many Indian Arts colleges and after going through many surveys.
Though we have tired to get the most accurate information on the top 10 Arts colleges in India, if there is any discrepancy then we will not be shouldering any responsibility. If anyone tends to disagree with list of the best 10 Arts colleges in India, please do feel free to write to us.
Web: www.loyolacollege.edu/
Phone: +91-44-28178200, Fax: +91-44-28175566
Email: helpdesk@loyolacollege.edu
Phone : ( 91-011) 2766 7271,Fax : ( 91-011 ) 2766 2324
Email : webmaster@ststephens.edu
Web: www.ststephens.edu
Phones: 91-11-26434459, 26460400,26460434, Fax: 91-11-26216951
Web: www.lsrcollege.org
E-mail: lsrc@vsnl.com
Phone: 91-22-22620661 or 22620662 or 22620665
Web: www.xaviers.edu
Ph: (91-33) 2287-5995
Web: www.sxccal.edu
Email : xaviers@cal3.vsnl.net.in
Web: www.presidencycollegekolkata.org
Email: contact@presidencycollegekolkata.org
Karnataka State,India.
Email: webmaster: mocolaco@hotmail.com
Web: www.sjc.ac.in
PHONE NUMBERS: +91 80 4012 9100, +91 80 4012 9012 (IVRS), FAX:+91 80 4012 9000
Email: principal@christcollege.edu
Web: www.christcollege.edu
Madras Christian College,Tambaram ,Chennai 600 059
E-Mail: apro@mcc.edu.in
Phone / Fax +91 44 22397731 +91 44 22394352
Web: http://www.mcc.edu.in
Chennai (Madras),Tamil Nadu
Phone: (044) 8544894,Fax: 044-8510732
List of Top 10 Arts Colleges in India -
Loyola College, Chennai
Chennai - 600034, Tamil Nadu, IndiaWeb: www.loyolacollege.edu/
Phone: +91-44-28178200, Fax: +91-44-28175566
Email: helpdesk@loyolacollege.edu
St Stephens College, Delhi
University Enclave, Delhi 110 007, India.Phone : ( 91-011) 2766 7271,Fax : ( 91-011 ) 2766 2324
Email : webmaster@ststephens.edu
Web: www.ststephens.edu
Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi
Lajpat Nagar-IV,New Delhi 110024 IndiaPhones: 91-11-26434459, 26460400,26460434, Fax: 91-11-26216951
Web: www.lsrcollege.org
E-mail: lsrc@vsnl.com
St Xavier's College, Mumbai
5, Mahapalika Marg, Mumbai 400 001, IndiaPhone: 91-22-22620661 or 22620662 or 22620665
Web: www.xaviers.edu
St Xavier's College, Kolkata
St. Xavier's College,30 Park Street, Kolkata-700016Ph: (91-33) 2287-5995
Web: www.sxccal.edu
Email : xaviers@cal3.vsnl.net.in
Presidency College, Kolkata
86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700 073 West Bengal, IndiaWeb: www.presidencycollegekolkata.org
Email: contact@presidencycollegekolkata.org
St. Joseph's College Bangalore
P.B.27094, 36, Lalbagh Road,Bangalore- 560 027,Karnataka State,India.
Email: webmaster: mocolaco@hotmail.com
Web: www.sjc.ac.in
Christ College Bangalore
Hosur Road, Bangalore -29, IndiaPHONE NUMBERS: +91 80 4012 9100, +91 80 4012 9012 (IVRS), FAX:+91 80 4012 9000
Email: principal@christcollege.edu
Web: www.christcollege.edu
Madras Christian College
The Alumni & Public Relation OfficerMadras Christian College,Tambaram ,Chennai 600 059
E-Mail: apro@mcc.edu.in
Phone / Fax +91 44 22397731 +91 44 22394352
Web: http://www.mcc.edu.in
Presidency College, Chennai
Kamarajar Salai, Chepauk - 600005Chennai (Madras),Tamil Nadu
Phone: (044) 8544894,Fax: 044-8510732
Online Social Knowledge Sharing Network
Bunk Class is the Best Social Knowledge Sharing Network
The Internet offers the opportunity to foster knowledge sharing which surpasses constraints such as geographical location, resources and time for travel. Online collaboration tools open up opportunities for new forms of knowledge sharing.
For example, joining an online network can provide access to an abundant resource of individual experts. Online networks can also provide an efficient and effective way of accessing information.
The Internet offers the opportunity to foster knowledge sharing which surpasses constraints such as geographical location, resources and time for travel. Online collaboration tools open up opportunities for new forms of knowledge sharing. For example, joining an online network can provide access to an abundant resource of individual experts. Online networks can also provide an efficient and effective way of accessing information.
Why Students BUNK Classes?
Bunking a classes can actually improve your performance and various other parameters. Here are 5 reasons on why should break the rule and go out, when you are not supposed to go.
1. Independence : An independent person can only lead a successful life. If he/she has independent ideas and thinking it’ll become easier for him to take decisions in future.
2. Improved academics performance : If you bunk your class, you won’t know how a particular problem has been solved, or how a particular thing works. So what if you were absent. You will spend more time with the books and hence use your brains. So you are not just a robot.
3. Good relationship with teachers : When you bunk, you don’t get attendance. So you go up to your teachers for some help (jugaad). So the harmony between the teacher and the student increases.
4. Fun : The most obvious reason is fun. Increase your awareness by spending quality time with your friends.
5. Peace : Yes,you get peace. The cacophonous class can make you distasteful and hence make you more irritable. So you get what the world wants, “peace “
The other side of Bunking classes
Each argument has two coins. Good that we have coins.
My argument: Rather than bunking, I am thinking of attending extra classes on top of the mandatory classes. By extra classes, I mean seminars, guest speakers, science, business related classes in and outside of the college. The mandatory classes are essential to bring a solid foundation to myself, but one has to build on the solid foundation.
1. Independence: My attending extra classes, my view towards the problems in the world will become broad. I can think in different ways to solve the problems around me.
2. Improved academics performance: By attending extra classes, I will get to know what is happening in other fields and not just get stuck in my field.
3. Good relationship with teachers : As I get to know more teachers, I will get more ideas on what the real problems are and how to resolve them. You never know when you are meeting with a Professor Einstein.
4. Fun : I get to interact with more friends in other classes. Isnt that Fun?
5. Peace : Solving a problem is the mantra of inner peace for me.
Pick your side of the coin and you decide your future. After all choice if yours.
1. Independence : An independent person can only lead a successful life. If he/she has independent ideas and thinking it’ll become easier for him to take decisions in future.2. Improved academics performance : If you bunk your class, you won’t know how a particular problem has been solved, or how a particular thing works. So what if you were absent. You will spend more time with the books and hence use your brains. So you are not just a robot.
3. Good relationship with teachers : When you bunk, you don’t get attendance. So you go up to your teachers for some help (jugaad). So the harmony between the teacher and the student increases.
4. Fun : The most obvious reason is fun. Increase your awareness by spending quality time with your friends.
5. Peace : Yes,you get peace. The cacophonous class can make you distasteful and hence make you more irritable. So you get what the world wants, “peace “
The other side of Bunking classes
Each argument has two coins. Good that we have coins.
My argument: Rather than bunking, I am thinking of attending extra classes on top of the mandatory classes. By extra classes, I mean seminars, guest speakers, science, business related classes in and outside of the college. The mandatory classes are essential to bring a solid foundation to myself, but one has to build on the solid foundation.1. Independence: My attending extra classes, my view towards the problems in the world will become broad. I can think in different ways to solve the problems around me.
2. Improved academics performance: By attending extra classes, I will get to know what is happening in other fields and not just get stuck in my field.
3. Good relationship with teachers : As I get to know more teachers, I will get more ideas on what the real problems are and how to resolve them. You never know when you are meeting with a Professor Einstein.
4. Fun : I get to interact with more friends in other classes. Isnt that Fun?
5. Peace : Solving a problem is the mantra of inner peace for me.
Pick your side of the coin and you decide your future. After all choice if yours.
Study Tips for Online Classes
Because you are not in a classroom and are in the comfort of your home or other area, it is important to remember that you are still attending school, and if you plan to graduate, must treat it that way. knowledge a few basic skills can help you master going back to school with an online program.
The first thing you must remember is to go to class! Missing one or two classes can quickly put you behind in your work. You have to log in and absolute your work to stay current. Since there is no teacher, you must be sure to read all of your work and materials, and if you need help, ask for it. Faculty is available online to help day or night.
You must also remember to devout an area to your studies, free of noises and other distractions. You must maintain the distraction free area for the entire time you are working, and, if possible, have the area for school work only. Keep your area clean and neat, and all of your papers and textbooks organized and jointly.Earning a degree online can help you achieve the career that you have always wanted. Using these study skills will assist you do your best and become successful at your new vocation.
Engineering freshers: First Year Entry Guide
Engineers are forever crucial to our society. They are innovators. It’s engineering that helps development of the society and nation in large. Along with good salary prospects and career enhancements, Engineers shape the future of this world. As long as Maths and Science rule the world, Engineering as a profession will always be ahead of others. If you are the one who always been drawn to figuring out what makes things work and how they are put together, then engineering is something you would fit into.
Students, who plan to opt for engineering, start their preparations as early as high school days. This is because engineering courses are cut-throat and painstaking. Therefore, they believe that it's important to plan for admissions months before. Engineering is a combination of various factors like academic performance, expectations, difficulty in subject etc and because of this complexity of factors; engineering is considered to be the toughest.
Students aiming to pursue engineering, keep a regular eye on the best engineering colleges in the country.Some of them think that it would be beneficial to plan your financial needs beforehand so that you get the college of your choice. Some regular preparations include, initiating to read and study independently. This will not only help expand ones knowledge, vocabulary and reading command skills but will also develop good interest in English. To impress the college panel with your knowledge, you need to have superior command over your language.
Students gain more experience by talking to professionals and joining summer jobs of their desired fields. You will find them participating in science exhibitions, fairs and competitions. It is worthwhile to work on Personality Development skills, as it will help you stay one step ahead of others in professional and personal endeavors.
A group of engineers believe that the first few weeks to the term are focused more on finding their way around, meeting new people, networking, familiarizing with the subjects and surroundings. Students feel that the role of orientation or induction during the first week helps them to overcome their apprehensions.
Orientation helps smooth transition from high-school to the university. Fresh engineering students find it easy to confront to their peers for their problems rather than teachers. Hence, the emphasis on socializing is more in the first year. There is no way one can graduate from engineering school without the help of others. No one person is able to absorb every last detail that a professor teaches.
First-year engineering students may face academic difficulties because of the demanding nature of the subjects but it also enables students to spread the workload over a longer period of time. This facilitates more time to understand the subject. It also helps to develop analytical skills.
Apart from this, students believe that not only do you learn and improve academically; you also lead an independent life where you discover to live economically. You may also come across issues like ragging but some believe that it should be taken in its own spirit, as long as the mutual respect is there. Some also raise a concern that it is hard to cope with studies. They say that written works and projects are so huge that they seldom get time to study. However, gradually you get used to these routines but study is always last minute.
They conclude by saying, come to school with an open mind and be ready to work hard. You may not get personal time for yourself, so make sure to enjoy the work you do.
Are you ready for it?
The first year is a significant time for all engineering students. It symbols the fresh phase in their educational career. It's the stage where freshers are given the power of choice on what and where to study. It’s an opportunity for the teachers to train these students for their degree, thereby helping them to face the world of work, and thus to facilitate them become optimistic leaders and learners in life.Students, who plan to opt for engineering, start their preparations as early as high school days. This is because engineering courses are cut-throat and painstaking. Therefore, they believe that it's important to plan for admissions months before. Engineering is a combination of various factors like academic performance, expectations, difficulty in subject etc and because of this complexity of factors; engineering is considered to be the toughest.Students aiming to pursue engineering, keep a regular eye on the best engineering colleges in the country.Some of them think that it would be beneficial to plan your financial needs beforehand so that you get the college of your choice. Some regular preparations include, initiating to read and study independently. This will not only help expand ones knowledge, vocabulary and reading command skills but will also develop good interest in English. To impress the college panel with your knowledge, you need to have superior command over your language.
Students gain more experience by talking to professionals and joining summer jobs of their desired fields. You will find them participating in science exhibitions, fairs and competitions. It is worthwhile to work on Personality Development skills, as it will help you stay one step ahead of others in professional and personal endeavors.
Been there done that
The first year of engineering school is the same regardless of the specialty like architectural, electrical, or computer engineering. This provides a year for freshers to examine what is involved with each specialty. Freshers believe that the courses in first year were not only inspiring but teach them to handle unusual problems confidently.A group of engineers believe that the first few weeks to the term are focused more on finding their way around, meeting new people, networking, familiarizing with the subjects and surroundings. Students feel that the role of orientation or induction during the first week helps them to overcome their apprehensions.
Orientation helps smooth transition from high-school to the university. Fresh engineering students find it easy to confront to their peers for their problems rather than teachers. Hence, the emphasis on socializing is more in the first year. There is no way one can graduate from engineering school without the help of others. No one person is able to absorb every last detail that a professor teaches.
First-year engineering students may face academic difficulties because of the demanding nature of the subjects but it also enables students to spread the workload over a longer period of time. This facilitates more time to understand the subject. It also helps to develop analytical skills.
Apart from this, students believe that not only do you learn and improve academically; you also lead an independent life where you discover to live economically. You may also come across issues like ragging but some believe that it should be taken in its own spirit, as long as the mutual respect is there. Some also raise a concern that it is hard to cope with studies. They say that written works and projects are so huge that they seldom get time to study. However, gradually you get used to these routines but study is always last minute.
They conclude by saying, come to school with an open mind and be ready to work hard. You may not get personal time for yourself, so make sure to enjoy the work you do.
Five Tips for College Fresher
No matter how great someone did in high school – football team, class president, even valedictorian – the playing field levels in college and all bets are off. Achievements in high school will always be relegated to that time prior to college. Life in college becomes a whole new chapter, as freedom looms ahead and freshmen are faced with a list of choices and critical decisions about the next few years that will ultimately impact the rest of their lives.Welcome to adulthood and the land of opportunity. Freshmen preparing to enter a college or university for the first time this coming fall have a lot to look forward to and a lot to consider because much of what they do over the next four or five years will have a large influence over who they become as adults. That’s why it is important to consider these five tips before heading to campus.
Be Prepared to Be Self Sufficient
Without parents or high school teachers telling them what to do and when, a lot of first-year college students find it difficult to meet their commitments. It is vital that college freshmen develop good habits which include taking responsibility for going to class, on time, and meeting course requirements and project due dates. It means being responsible and taking responsibility for choices.
Advice for New College Students
Your parents have helped you move all your bags into your dorm, which is the size of your old closet at home. Your mom is waving at you, teary eyed, as they drive away. You look around a realize that you don't know a soul.
Welcome to college.
Some people have probably told you that college is going to be "the greatest time of your life" and it can be. But you might have to take a hand in making the most out of your experience. Here are some tips for the new university student:
1. Branch out- even if you go to the local college that 75% of your high school ends up at. Meeting new people, and expanding your own limited horizons is one of the age old reasons that colleges exist in the first place.
2. Live with other people your first year. You might decide to find that studio next year, but when you are a first year, it's better to play it safe. Dorms, shared housing, and even the Greek system will keep you social and not so lonely. It's easy to slip through the cracks in a new place and not meet anyone- especially if you are far from home, and your school is large. it will also make the transistion easier if there are a few friendly faces around for support.
3. Fill your roommate application out with painstaking care- seriously. Fill in all the questions as accurately as you can, as roommates are typically placed in a computer datasystem based on responses. The schools make them specific on purpose in order to match you up in a good situation. There is no worse living environment than sharing a tiny room with a person that drives you nuts- I repeat, there is no worse situation. If you and your roommate are incompatible, it can ruin your dorm experience. On that note, colleges try to make switching a possibility, so do when it becomes obvious that this won't work. It'll make things easier on you and your roommate.
4. Have some idea of what you want out of classes and a major. Yes, college is a time to experience new things. And yes, different classes give you different outlooks on the world. But those are called
"electives," and there is plenty of room to take them outside of your required major classes. Seriously, with what school costs today, you'll want to know the direction your heading as soon as you can. it'll save you thousands of dollars, and a lot of extra time.
5. DO NOT open a credit card. If there is one piece of advice I can give you to make your post college life as stress-free as possible while you try to find your niche in the job market, then this is it. Don't do it. I don't care if they are signing people up with automatic approval at the student union. I don't care if they are handing out coffee, or cameras, or free trips to Europe for opening an account. Don't do it, even if you think you are disciplined. People say it's a lesson students have to learn the hard way, but it doesn't have to be. The additional debt will drive you out of your mind.
6. If you are going to a state school outside of home home state, find out residency requirements immediately. Getting in-state residency will decrease your tuition costs by thousands, but most schools grant residency based on time. Get a new driver's license, register to vote in your new state if you are 18, and get a new bank account, hopefully within your first month of school. And check with the registrar's office to see what else your school requires.
7. If you go to a private school, make sure to visit te scholarship/career planning office, There are typically scholarships available to all types, either through the school or private institutions. Your scholarship office should have information and application procedures on file.
8. Take care of yourself. Living relatively independantly and away from mom's watchful eye leads many students to let loose. But try to stick with some of the good habits: eat healthy, try and exercise, get sleep, and watch the drugs and alcohol. Remember that while you should be having fun, what you are paying for is school. Don't rob yourself of that experience by losing yourself to bad habits. A lot of eating disorders and drug and alcohol addictions begin or deepen when a person is in college. If you do feel as though you are having a health or addiction problem, check with the student health office, and see what resources are available to you. They can typically provide you with a wide range of health care options for a student friendly price.
Have fun, and try new things! This can be the best time of your life, but you are in charge of making it that way.
College university forum
Welcome to college.
Some people have probably told you that college is going to be "the greatest time of your life" and it can be. But you might have to take a hand in making the most out of your experience. Here are some tips for the new university student:
1. Branch out- even if you go to the local college that 75% of your high school ends up at. Meeting new people, and expanding your own limited horizons is one of the age old reasons that colleges exist in the first place.
2. Live with other people your first year. You might decide to find that studio next year, but when you are a first year, it's better to play it safe. Dorms, shared housing, and even the Greek system will keep you social and not so lonely. It's easy to slip through the cracks in a new place and not meet anyone- especially if you are far from home, and your school is large. it will also make the transistion easier if there are a few friendly faces around for support.
4. Have some idea of what you want out of classes and a major. Yes, college is a time to experience new things. And yes, different classes give you different outlooks on the world. But those are called
"electives," and there is plenty of room to take them outside of your required major classes. Seriously, with what school costs today, you'll want to know the direction your heading as soon as you can. it'll save you thousands of dollars, and a lot of extra time.
5. DO NOT open a credit card. If there is one piece of advice I can give you to make your post college life as stress-free as possible while you try to find your niche in the job market, then this is it. Don't do it. I don't care if they are signing people up with automatic approval at the student union. I don't care if they are handing out coffee, or cameras, or free trips to Europe for opening an account. Don't do it, even if you think you are disciplined. People say it's a lesson students have to learn the hard way, but it doesn't have to be. The additional debt will drive you out of your mind.
6. If you are going to a state school outside of home home state, find out residency requirements immediately. Getting in-state residency will decrease your tuition costs by thousands, but most schools grant residency based on time. Get a new driver's license, register to vote in your new state if you are 18, and get a new bank account, hopefully within your first month of school. And check with the registrar's office to see what else your school requires.
7. If you go to a private school, make sure to visit te scholarship/career planning office, There are typically scholarships available to all types, either through the school or private institutions. Your scholarship office should have information and application procedures on file.
8. Take care of yourself. Living relatively independantly and away from mom's watchful eye leads many students to let loose. But try to stick with some of the good habits: eat healthy, try and exercise, get sleep, and watch the drugs and alcohol. Remember that while you should be having fun, what you are paying for is school. Don't rob yourself of that experience by losing yourself to bad habits. A lot of eating disorders and drug and alcohol addictions begin or deepen when a person is in college. If you do feel as though you are having a health or addiction problem, check with the student health office, and see what resources are available to you. They can typically provide you with a wide range of health care options for a student friendly price.
Have fun, and try new things! This can be the best time of your life, but you are in charge of making it that way.
College university forum
Top 10 Tips for New College Students
After writing the time management article “Do It Now,” which was based on my experience of graduating college in three semesters with two degrees, I received many follow-up questions from students asking for more advice. Here are 10 tips to help you create a productive and memorable college experience… and most of all, to deeply enjoy this time in your life.
As I’ve stated previously on this blog, the three-semester deal wasn’t my first time at college. I had previously gone to college when I wasn’t in the right frame of mind to be there. In high school I was a straight-A honors student, President of the math club, and captain of the Academic Decathlon team. That momentum carried me forward, and without really ever deciding if it was what I wanted, I found myself with four more years of school ahead of me. It seemed like a good idea at the time, but my heart just wasn’t in it. Consequently, I sabotaged myself in a big way. I blew off my classes and got an education in parties and alcohol. Apparently some administrator was biased against students whose GPA starts with a decimal point, so I was soon expelled.
That experience sent me into a bit of a tailspin. I was in a funk for about six months, mostly just playing video games. Finally in an effort to re-ground myself, I got a retail sales job and tried to stay under the radar while taking some time to “find myself.” That was the time I began developing an interest in personal development, and boy did it pay off. A year later I was ready to go back to college, and I started over as a freshman. But this time I knew why I was there. I wanted to be a programmer, and I wanted to earn my Computer Science degree (I later added the Math degree). But it was more than that. I knew I was capable of a lot more, and I wanted to push myself. I wanted to create the richest experience I could. For me that meant a really dense schedule.
Your goals for college will likely be different than mine. What are they? Why are you there? If you don’t know — and I mean really know it in your gut — then you have no focal point for your experience. You may as well not even be there. What is it about your experience that resonates as true for you? What are you there to learn? What do you want to experience?
Before I returned to school, I spent hours visualizing the kind of experience I wanted to have. I saw myself being challenged but managing it easily and without stress. I saw myself making new friends. I saw myself having a really great time. Most of all I imagined a very balanced experience — a blend of academics, activities, socialization, and fun. The keyword I used was “richness.”
This was a really important step. I didn’t understand the mechanism at the time, but I was pre-programming myself to succeed. Whenever I encountered obstacles, my ideal vision was so much more compelling that I was always able to find a way to get what I wanted. I became a co-creator of my experience instead of a passive victim of it.
Visualization allows you to make mistakes in advance. If you can’t get a clear visualization, your experience is likely to be just as fuzzy. Debug your visualization until it inspires you.
Real life will of course turn out differently than you visualize. The point of visualization isn’t to predict the future or to restrict your freedom to decide later. The point is to give you more clarity for making decisions right now. Your ideal scene serves as a map that can guide you through the quagmire of options.
Now you might be thinking that 12-15 units are supposed to equate to a 40-hour week with all the outside homework and studying, but that’s only going to happen if you do things very inefficiently (which sadly is what most people do). If you follow some of the time-saving tips later in this article, then 15 units should only require a few additional hours outside of class to complete assignments. Obviously I couldn’t have taken 31-39 units per semester if it meant doing double those hours in outside homework. I didn’t succeed by overworking myself.
If you’re an above average student, you can certainly handle an above average schedule. Sometimes we don’t know what we can handle until we push ourselves a little. If you think you can handle 15 units, take 18 or 21. You can easily shave a year off your schedule. Or you may be able to add a minor or a double major.
What about prerequisites? For the most part I simply ignored them, and fortunately at my school they weren’t enforced too well. I found that most of the time a prerequisite is listed, it’s geared towards below average students. Don’t let pointless bureaucracy slow you down if you want to graduate sooner. There’s always a way around it — it’s usually just a matter of getting some random form signed by someone who’s too bored to care either way. A smile and a compliment go a long way.
By the law of forced efficiency, if you put more things on your plate, you’ll find a way to get them done with the time you have available. So if you don’t challenge yourself a little, that extra time will slip through your fingers.
I think the real benefit to a dense schedule isn’t that you’ll graduate sooner. The real benefit is that you’ll enjoy a richer experience. Taking five classes instead of four means more learning, more achievement, and more friends. And what employer wouldn’t be attracted to a student who graduated more quickly than his/her peers? This sort of thing sure looks great on a resume.
My goals for each class determined how often I would show up, whether I’d sit in the front or the back, how actively I’d participate, and what kind of relationship I’d seek to establish with the teacher.
For some classes I wanted to master the material. For others I just wanted an A grade. And for others I wanted to set myself up for glowing letters of recommendations from enthusiastic teachers whose native language was English (so the letters would be highly readable and positive).
My mom has been a college math professor for decades. At home she’d comment about students she barely knew who’d ask her for letters of recommendation. Many times she had to turn them down because she just didn’t have anything positive to say in the letter. On the other hand, she was happy to support those students who put in a serious effort.
Most teachers want to help you, but you have to let them see your strengths. Even if you don’t get an A in a particular class, you can still give a teacher plenty of material for a great letter of recommendation if you participate actively and show respect toward the teacher.
This is not about manipulating your professors into lying on your behalf.
The simple truth is that the quality of a letter of recommendation ultimately comes down to how much a teacher respects you. Don’t put yourself in the desperate situation of having to request a letter of recommendation from a teacher who doesn’t even remember you — or worse, one who thinks poorly of you. Set yourself up for success in advance.
One of my professors learned about my packed academic schedule and expressed interest in learning how I was managing it. We had a very nice conversation about time management techniques. I had several programming classes with this professor and aced them all.
I happened to think he was an excellent teacher, I had great respect for him, and I quite enjoyed his classes. When it came time to ask him for a letter of recommendation, he wrote one of the most glowing letters imaginable (“best student I’ve encountered in my career,” etc.).
On the other hand, I had certain teachers who were downright lousy. I ditched their classes often and learned the material from the textbook. Obviously I didn’t seek out their assistance down the road.
Sometimes you’ll achieve your goals; sometimes you won’t. Even if you do your best, you may still fall short. You may encounter teachers that are unfair, lazy, sexist, racist, or otherwise incompetent. My wife had an overtly sexist professor who would never give a female student a grade higher than a B, no matter how well she did. He would say things like, “If you’re a male, you’ll have to work hard in this class. If you’re a female, just come by my office after hours.” Eventually sexual harrassment charges were filed against him. You’ll have to pick your battles. Some are worth fighting; others are best ignored. Having clear goals will help you decide which is which.
In every student’s schedule, some classes are critical while others are almost trivial.
In a typical week, I’d usually ditch around 40% of my classes because I just didn’t need to be there. For some classes attendance was necessary, but for others it didn’t make much difference.
I could simply get the notes from another student if needed, or I could learn the material from the textbook. If it wasn’t necessary for me to attend a particular class (based on my goals for that class), I usually ditched it. That saved me a lot of time and kept me from having to sit in class all day long. Sometimes I’d just grab some food with friends to give myself an extra break.
I would also triage individual assignments. If I felt an assignment was lame, pointless, or unnecessarily tedious, and if it wouldn’t have too negative an impact on my grade, I would actually decline to do it.
One time I was assigned a tedious paper that represented 10% of my grade. I really didn’t want to do it, and it required a lot more hours than I felt it was worth. I was headed for an A in the class, and if I didn’t do this assignment, I’d drop to an A-. So I respectfully told the professor I was declining the assignment and that I thought it was a fair trade to receive an A- in order to reinvest those hours elsewhere.
He already knew me and understood my reasons. He gave me an A-, and I was fine with that. It was indeed a fair trade. In fact, looking back I wish I’d done this sort of thing more often.
Sometimes teachers get a little too homework happy and dole out assignments that really don’t justify the effort. You’re in charge of your academic experience though, not your teachers. Don’t feel you must do every assignment just because the teacher feels it’s a good idea. You be the judge in accordance with your own reasons for being there. Just be sure to consider the consequences of your decision.
By stealing time from low priority assignments, I was able to invest more time in the real gems. Some creative assignments taught me a great deal. I usually hated group projects with a passion, but there was one particular group project where the team really gelled. I enjoyed it tremendously and learned a lot from it.
A cool triage technique I used was timeboxing. I would decide how much time an assignment warranted, and then I’d do the best job I could within the allotted time. So if I had to write a 10-page research page on European history, I might devote 8 hours to it total. I’d slice up the 8 hours into topic selection, planning, library research, outlining, writing, and editing, and then I’d do my best to stay within those times. This was a great way to keep me from overengineering an assignment that didn’t need it.
In a way this was my own method of academic load balancing. Some of your assignments will be unbalanced in the sense that they seem to require an unreasonable amount of effort compared to how much of your grade they represent or how much you expect to benefit from completing them. Sometimes I would decide that the effort to write an A-paper just wasn’t warranted. Maybe I’d estimate it would take me 20 hours to do an A job but only 10 hours to do a B job. And if the assignment was only 10% of my grade, perhaps I could accept a B there. I often thought in this Machiavellian fashion back then, and often to my surprise I found that my B-quality papers would come back with As anyway.
I’d be lying if I said I got up early because I wanted to. It was really out of necessity. I had many morning classes, including 7:30am classes one semester. But I’m glad I did that because if I didn’t have those morning classes, I just would have slept more than I needed to. Even if you hate morning classes, you may find as I did that you’re a lot more productive if you schedule them anyway.
This was a surprisingly great cure for boredom. If the professor was droning on and putting everyone to sleep, I’d be working on programming assignments. I used to write them out on paper and then go to the computer lab between classes and type them up. That way I didn’t have to spend much time outside class in the lab, sometimes just 10-15 minutes if my program worked the first time.
You’ll be amazed at how much time you can free up using this method. I was able to complete the bulk of my assignments in class (but usually not in the classes in which the tasks were assigned). If you’re in school right now, I challenge you to see how much extra homework you can complete during your normal class time today. Then estimate how many hours you’ll save every week from this practice. It really adds up.
You can’t concentrate at peak efficiency continuously, so be sure to take breaks. When you need a break though, take a real break. I used to meditate or nap on the grass between classes in order to recharge myself. I’d use my wristwatch alarm to signal when it was time to get up and go again. Those breaks were very restorative, and I could go to the next class and work full out once again. I never worked flat out all day long. I worked in waves between total concentration and total relaxation, cycling many times per day.
In software development it’s well known that bugs should be fixed as soon as possible after they’re introduced. Waiting to fix a bug near the end of a project can take 50x as much effort as it would take to fix the bug the first time it was noticed. Failing to learn what you’re supposedly taught each day is a serious bug. Don’t try to pile new material on top of an unstable foundation, since it will take even more time to rebuild it later.
If you don’t understand something you were taught in class today, treat it as a bug that must be fixed ASAP. Do not put it off. Do not pile new material on top of it. If you don’t understand a word, a concept, or a lesson, then drop everything and do whatever it takes to learn it before you continue on. Ask questions in class, get a fellow student to explain it to you, read and re-read the textbook, and/or visit the professor during office hours, but learn it no matter what.
I was normally an ace in math, perhaps because my mother is a college math professor who was taking calculus classes while I was in the womb. Plus my father was an aerospace engineer, so I’ve certainly got the genes for it. But there were a couple topics I found incomprehensible when they were first introduced: eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
I’m a highly visual learner, which is normally a strength academically, but I found these abstract concepts difficult to visualize. Many of my classmates found them confusing too. I invested the extra effort required to grasp these concepts and earned an A in the class because I treated my confusion as a bug that had to be fixed immediately. Those students who allowed their confusion to linger found themselves becoming more and more lost as the course progressed, and cramming at the end couldn’t bestow complete comprehension. Just like programming bugs, confusion multiplies if left untreated, so stamp it out as early as possible.
If you’re confused about anything you’re being taught, you’ve got a bug that needs fixing. Don’t move on until you can honestly say to yourself, “Yes, I understand that… what’s next?”
Ideally there should be no need to study outside of class, at least in the sense of relearning material you didn’t learn the first time. You can review old material to refresh your memory, but you shouldn’t have to devote a minute of your time to learning something that was taught a month or two earlier.
During finals I was probably the least-stressed student of all. I didn’t have to study because by the time the final exam came up, in my mind the course was already over. The test was just a formality. While everyone else was cramming, I’d be at the arcade playing video games. I’d already learned the material and completed all the assignments (at least the ones I was going to complete). At most I’d just spend some time reviewing my notes to refresh the material the night before the test. Isn’t this how academic learning is supposed to work? Otherwise what’s the point of showing up to class for an entire semester?
During each semester ask yourself this question: Am I ready to be tested right now on everything that has been taught up to this point? If your answer is ever “no,” then you know you’re falling behind, and you need to catch up immediately. Ideally you should be able to answer “yes” to this question at least once a week for every subject.
Falling behind even a little is an enormous stressor and time waster. First, you have to go back and re-learn the old material when the rest of the class has already moved on. Secondly, you may not learn the new material as well if it builds on the old material because you lack a solid foundation, so you just end up falling further and further behind. Then when you come to the end of the semester, you end up having to re-learn everything you were supposed to learn. But because you cram at the last minute, after finals you forget everything anyway. What’s the point of that silliness? It’s like overspending on a credit card that charges you 25% interest. Eventually you’ll have to pay up, and it will cost you a lot more time in the long run.
Put in the effort to learn your material well enough to get As in all your classes. It will pay off. Much of the material you learn will build on earlier material. If you get As in your freshman courses, you’ll be well prepared to pile on new material in your sophomore year. But if you get Cs that first year, you’re already going into your second year with an unstable foundation, making it that much harder to bring your grades up and really master the material. Make straight As your goal every semester.
In the long run, it’s much easier. I found that C students tended to work a lot harder than I did, especially in their junior and senior years, because they were always playing catch up. Despite my packed schedule, it wasn’t stressful for me because I kept on top of every subject. Consequently, I had plenty of time for fun while other students experienced lots of stress because they constantly felt unprepared.
I’m sure you’ve encountered simple mnemonic techniques such as using the phrase “Every good boy does fine” to memorize the musical notes E, G, B, D, and F. Those kinds of tricks work well in certain situations, but they’re so grammar school. There are far more efficient visual techniques. The two I relied on most in school were chaining and pegging.
It’s beyond the scope of this article to explain these techniques in detail, but you can simply visit this site to learn all about them. Or you can pick up a book on memory improvement, such as The Memory Book by Harry Lorayne. I recommend learning from a book because then you’ll build a solid foundation step by step.
These techniques will allow you to memorize information very rapidly. For example, with pegging I could usually memorize a list of 20 items in about 90 seconds with perfect recall even weeks later. Experts at this are faster. Anyone can do it — it’s just a matter of training yourself.
I still use these techniques today. Chaining allows me to memorize my speeches visually. When I give a speech, my imagination runs through the visual movie I’ve created while I select words on the fly to fit the images. It’s like narrating a movie.
My speech isn’t memorized word for word, so it sounds natural and spontaneous and can be adapted on the fly to fit the situation. Memorizing visually is much faster and more robust than trying to memorize words. If you memorize a speech word for word and forget a line, it can really throw you off. But with a series of images, it’s easier to jump ahead to the next frame if you make a mistake. Our brains are better suited to visualize memorization than phonetic memorization.
I don’t recommend memorizing by repetition because it’s way too slow. Pegging and chaining do not require repetition — they allow you to embed strong memories on a single pass, usually in seconds. The downside is that pegging and chaining require a lot of up-front practice to master, but once you learn them, these are valuable skills you’ll have for life. I also found that learning these techniques seemed to improve my memory as a whole, even when I’m not actively trying to memorize. I think this practice trained my subconscious to store and recall information more effectively.
It’s a shame these techniques aren’t normally taught in school. They would save students an enormous amount of time. Do yourself a favor and learn them while you’re young. They have a lot of practical applications, including remembering people’s names.
One of my favorite college leisure activities was frisbee golf (also called disc golf). I used to play for hours at night with a couple friends, sometimes until my fingers became blistered… or until campus security gave us the boot for hitting one too many non-player students.
While playing frisbee golf, we would often have to scavenge through bushes, wade through fountains, and climb over various hazards trying to recover errant frisbees. It was always lots of fun, and we’d usually “play through” these obstacles.
Several hours of frisbee golf served as a delightful reward at the end of a challenging week. I still remember an incredible “hole in one” shot I made from a second-story balcony to hit a light post at the edge of a soccer field.
My biggest regret about college is that I didn’t have a girlfriend during that time. If I had it to do all over again, I probably would have added an extra semester and taken fewer classes to make time for that someone special. I had the opportunity, but I had to pass it up because my schedule was too packed. Girlfriends can be a lot of fun, but most aren’t very efficient.
This article’s advice centers on making your college experience as rich and memorable as possible. Get your school work done quickly and efficiently, so you have plenty of time for the variety of activities college can offer. Join clubs. Play frisbee golf. Get a boyfriend or girlfriend. The worst thing you can do is spend your time falling behind academically due to poor habits, feeling stressed and unprepared all the time, and then playing catch up. Squeeze as much juice out of college as you can, and let it serve as a springboard to a lifetime of fulfillment.
People often assume my aggressive schedule must have been stressful and exhausting, but the irony is that it was just the opposite. I seemed to have an easier, more enjoyable experience than my peers. Students with lighter schedules slacked off and fell behind because they convinced themselves they could make up for it later. But I couldn’t afford to do that because it would have been impossible for me to catch up on a dozen different classes… and way too stressful to even think about it.
If I fell even a week behind, I’d be in serious trouble. So I was compelled to develop good habits that kept me perpetually relaxed, focused, and energized. Many of the habits discussed above were simply the result of setting the goal to graduate in three semesters. That goal dictated the process. I’m very grateful for the experience because it showed me just how much more effective we can be when we push ourselves beyond our comfort zones. It taught me to keep setting goals beyond what I feel certain I can accomplish. Many times what we assume to be impossible just isn’t. We only think it is.
1. Answer the question, “Why am I going to college?”
Many college students really don’t have a clear reason for being there other than the fact that they don’t know what else to do yet. They inherit goals from relatives and peers which aren’t truly their own. That was how I started college. Is this you as well?As I’ve stated previously on this blog, the three-semester deal wasn’t my first time at college. I had previously gone to college when I wasn’t in the right frame of mind to be there. In high school I was a straight-A honors student, President of the math club, and captain of the Academic Decathlon team. That momentum carried me forward, and without really ever deciding if it was what I wanted, I found myself with four more years of school ahead of me. It seemed like a good idea at the time, but my heart just wasn’t in it. Consequently, I sabotaged myself in a big way. I blew off my classes and got an education in parties and alcohol. Apparently some administrator was biased against students whose GPA starts with a decimal point, so I was soon expelled.
That experience sent me into a bit of a tailspin. I was in a funk for about six months, mostly just playing video games. Finally in an effort to re-ground myself, I got a retail sales job and tried to stay under the radar while taking some time to “find myself.” That was the time I began developing an interest in personal development, and boy did it pay off. A year later I was ready to go back to college, and I started over as a freshman. But this time I knew why I was there. I wanted to be a programmer, and I wanted to earn my Computer Science degree (I later added the Math degree). But it was more than that. I knew I was capable of a lot more, and I wanted to push myself. I wanted to create the richest experience I could. For me that meant a really dense schedule.Your goals for college will likely be different than mine. What are they? Why are you there? If you don’t know — and I mean really know it in your gut — then you have no focal point for your experience. You may as well not even be there. What is it about your experience that resonates as true for you? What are you there to learn? What do you want to experience?
2. Imagine your ideal college experience.
Once you know why you’re going to college, imagine your ideal outcome. Let it flow outward from the reason you’re there. Whether you’ve already started college or not, stop and simply write down some attributes of your ideal experience. Describe it in as much detail as you can.Before I returned to school, I spent hours visualizing the kind of experience I wanted to have. I saw myself being challenged but managing it easily and without stress. I saw myself making new friends. I saw myself having a really great time. Most of all I imagined a very balanced experience — a blend of academics, activities, socialization, and fun. The keyword I used was “richness.”
This was a really important step. I didn’t understand the mechanism at the time, but I was pre-programming myself to succeed. Whenever I encountered obstacles, my ideal vision was so much more compelling that I was always able to find a way to get what I wanted. I became a co-creator of my experience instead of a passive victim of it.
Visualization allows you to make mistakes in advance. If you can’t get a clear visualization, your experience is likely to be just as fuzzy. Debug your visualization until it inspires you.
Real life will of course turn out differently than you visualize. The point of visualization isn’t to predict the future or to restrict your freedom to decide later. The point is to give you more clarity for making decisions right now. Your ideal scene serves as a map that can guide you through the quagmire of options.
3. Take at least one extra class each semester.
Students are taught that 12-15 semester units (3-5 classes) is a “full” schedule. But a schedule that light is hardly full. A person with a full-time job will put in a good 40+ hours per week, and students enjoy every possible vacation day plus spring break, winter break, and summer vacation. If you want to spend four or more years in college, add more degrees or get a job on the side. Don’t feel you have to go at a snail’s pace just because everyone else does.Now you might be thinking that 12-15 units are supposed to equate to a 40-hour week with all the outside homework and studying, but that’s only going to happen if you do things very inefficiently (which sadly is what most people do). If you follow some of the time-saving tips later in this article, then 15 units should only require a few additional hours outside of class to complete assignments. Obviously I couldn’t have taken 31-39 units per semester if it meant doing double those hours in outside homework. I didn’t succeed by overworking myself.
If you’re an above average student, you can certainly handle an above average schedule. Sometimes we don’t know what we can handle until we push ourselves a little. If you think you can handle 15 units, take 18 or 21. You can easily shave a year off your schedule. Or you may be able to add a minor or a double major.
What about prerequisites? For the most part I simply ignored them, and fortunately at my school they weren’t enforced too well. I found that most of the time a prerequisite is listed, it’s geared towards below average students. Don’t let pointless bureaucracy slow you down if you want to graduate sooner. There’s always a way around it — it’s usually just a matter of getting some random form signed by someone who’s too bored to care either way. A smile and a compliment go a long way.
By the law of forced efficiency, if you put more things on your plate, you’ll find a way to get them done with the time you have available. So if you don’t challenge yourself a little, that extra time will slip through your fingers.
I think the real benefit to a dense schedule isn’t that you’ll graduate sooner. The real benefit is that you’ll enjoy a richer experience. Taking five classes instead of four means more learning, more achievement, and more friends. And what employer wouldn’t be attracted to a student who graduated more quickly than his/her peers? This sort of thing sure looks great on a resume.
4. Set clear goals for each class.
Decide what you want out of each specific class. Is this a subject you’re eager to learn? Do you want to target this teacher for a letter of recommendation? Is this a required class you must take but which doesn’t otherwise interest you?My goals for each class determined how often I would show up, whether I’d sit in the front or the back, how actively I’d participate, and what kind of relationship I’d seek to establish with the teacher.
For some classes I wanted to master the material. For others I just wanted an A grade. And for others I wanted to set myself up for glowing letters of recommendations from enthusiastic teachers whose native language was English (so the letters would be highly readable and positive).
My mom has been a college math professor for decades. At home she’d comment about students she barely knew who’d ask her for letters of recommendation. Many times she had to turn them down because she just didn’t have anything positive to say in the letter. On the other hand, she was happy to support those students who put in a serious effort.
Most teachers want to help you, but you have to let them see your strengths. Even if you don’t get an A in a particular class, you can still give a teacher plenty of material for a great letter of recommendation if you participate actively and show respect toward the teacher.
This is not about manipulating your professors into lying on your behalf.
The simple truth is that the quality of a letter of recommendation ultimately comes down to how much a teacher respects you. Don’t put yourself in the desperate situation of having to request a letter of recommendation from a teacher who doesn’t even remember you — or worse, one who thinks poorly of you. Set yourself up for success in advance.
One of my professors learned about my packed academic schedule and expressed interest in learning how I was managing it. We had a very nice conversation about time management techniques. I had several programming classes with this professor and aced them all.
I happened to think he was an excellent teacher, I had great respect for him, and I quite enjoyed his classes. When it came time to ask him for a letter of recommendation, he wrote one of the most glowing letters imaginable (“best student I’ve encountered in my career,” etc.).
On the other hand, I had certain teachers who were downright lousy. I ditched their classes often and learned the material from the textbook. Obviously I didn’t seek out their assistance down the road.
Sometimes you’ll achieve your goals; sometimes you won’t. Even if you do your best, you may still fall short. You may encounter teachers that are unfair, lazy, sexist, racist, or otherwise incompetent. My wife had an overtly sexist professor who would never give a female student a grade higher than a B, no matter how well she did. He would say things like, “If you’re a male, you’ll have to work hard in this class. If you’re a female, just come by my office after hours.” Eventually sexual harrassment charges were filed against him. You’ll have to pick your battles. Some are worth fighting; others are best ignored. Having clear goals will help you decide which is which.
5. Triage ruthlessly.
You don’t need to put an equal amount of effort into every class. Inject extra effort when it’s important to you, but feel free to back off a little from classes that are a low priority based on your specific goals. For me this was an important way to conserve energy. I couldn’t play full out in every class, or I’d burn out, so I invested my energy where it mattered most.In every student’s schedule, some classes are critical while others are almost trivial.
In a typical week, I’d usually ditch around 40% of my classes because I just didn’t need to be there. For some classes attendance was necessary, but for others it didn’t make much difference.
I could simply get the notes from another student if needed, or I could learn the material from the textbook. If it wasn’t necessary for me to attend a particular class (based on my goals for that class), I usually ditched it. That saved me a lot of time and kept me from having to sit in class all day long. Sometimes I’d just grab some food with friends to give myself an extra break.
I would also triage individual assignments. If I felt an assignment was lame, pointless, or unnecessarily tedious, and if it wouldn’t have too negative an impact on my grade, I would actually decline to do it.
One time I was assigned a tedious paper that represented 10% of my grade. I really didn’t want to do it, and it required a lot more hours than I felt it was worth. I was headed for an A in the class, and if I didn’t do this assignment, I’d drop to an A-. So I respectfully told the professor I was declining the assignment and that I thought it was a fair trade to receive an A- in order to reinvest those hours elsewhere.
He already knew me and understood my reasons. He gave me an A-, and I was fine with that. It was indeed a fair trade. In fact, looking back I wish I’d done this sort of thing more often.
Sometimes teachers get a little too homework happy and dole out assignments that really don’t justify the effort. You’re in charge of your academic experience though, not your teachers. Don’t feel you must do every assignment just because the teacher feels it’s a good idea. You be the judge in accordance with your own reasons for being there. Just be sure to consider the consequences of your decision.
By stealing time from low priority assignments, I was able to invest more time in the real gems. Some creative assignments taught me a great deal. I usually hated group projects with a passion, but there was one particular group project where the team really gelled. I enjoyed it tremendously and learned a lot from it.
A cool triage technique I used was timeboxing. I would decide how much time an assignment warranted, and then I’d do the best job I could within the allotted time. So if I had to write a 10-page research page on European history, I might devote 8 hours to it total. I’d slice up the 8 hours into topic selection, planning, library research, outlining, writing, and editing, and then I’d do my best to stay within those times. This was a great way to keep me from overengineering an assignment that didn’t need it.
In a way this was my own method of academic load balancing. Some of your assignments will be unbalanced in the sense that they seem to require an unreasonable amount of effort compared to how much of your grade they represent or how much you expect to benefit from completing them. Sometimes I would decide that the effort to write an A-paper just wasn’t warranted. Maybe I’d estimate it would take me 20 hours to do an A job but only 10 hours to do a B job. And if the assignment was only 10% of my grade, perhaps I could accept a B there. I often thought in this Machiavellian fashion back then, and often to my surprise I found that my B-quality papers would come back with As anyway.
6. Get an early start to each day.
I’ve written previously about the benefits of becoming an early riser. I wasn’t getting up at 5am when I was in college, but I’d usually get up around 6-7am. I found that getting an early start each day helped me get a lot more done, not just in the morning but throughout the day. I began each day with a 25-minute run followed by a shower and breakfast. This simple morning routine got me out the door feeling alert and energized.I’d be lying if I said I got up early because I wanted to. It was really out of necessity. I had many morning classes, including 7:30am classes one semester. But I’m glad I did that because if I didn’t have those morning classes, I just would have slept more than I needed to. Even if you hate morning classes, you may find as I did that you’re a lot more productive if you schedule them anyway.
7. Reclaim wasted time during your classes.
Let’s face it. Not every class is going to require your utmost concentration. Sometimes teachers babble. Sometimes they reiterate what you already know. What percentage of class time requires your complete, focused attention? For some classes it’s 90%. For others it’s 20%. If you aren’t actively learning during class, you’re wasting time. If a class is really challenging, sit in the front and soak up every word. But if a class isn’t challenging you, then sit in the back, do homework for other classes, and pop your head up every once in a while to see if there’s anything worth jotting down. Always have a book open, so when your hippie professor goes off on yet another nostalgia trip about the 60s, you’ll have something productive to do.This was a surprisingly great cure for boredom. If the professor was droning on and putting everyone to sleep, I’d be working on programming assignments. I used to write them out on paper and then go to the computer lab between classes and type them up. That way I didn’t have to spend much time outside class in the lab, sometimes just 10-15 minutes if my program worked the first time.
You’ll be amazed at how much time you can free up using this method. I was able to complete the bulk of my assignments in class (but usually not in the classes in which the tasks were assigned). If you’re in school right now, I challenge you to see how much extra homework you can complete during your normal class time today. Then estimate how many hours you’ll save every week from this practice. It really adds up.
You can’t concentrate at peak efficiency continuously, so be sure to take breaks. When you need a break though, take a real break. I used to meditate or nap on the grass between classes in order to recharge myself. I’d use my wristwatch alarm to signal when it was time to get up and go again. Those breaks were very restorative, and I could go to the next class and work full out once again. I never worked flat out all day long. I worked in waves between total concentration and total relaxation, cycling many times per day.
8. Learn material the very first time it’s presented.
One of the biggest time wasters in school is having to relearn something you didn’t learn properly the first time. When students say they’re studying, most of the time they’re making up for a previous failure to learn the material.In software development it’s well known that bugs should be fixed as soon as possible after they’re introduced. Waiting to fix a bug near the end of a project can take 50x as much effort as it would take to fix the bug the first time it was noticed. Failing to learn what you’re supposedly taught each day is a serious bug. Don’t try to pile new material on top of an unstable foundation, since it will take even more time to rebuild it later.
If you don’t understand something you were taught in class today, treat it as a bug that must be fixed ASAP. Do not put it off. Do not pile new material on top of it. If you don’t understand a word, a concept, or a lesson, then drop everything and do whatever it takes to learn it before you continue on. Ask questions in class, get a fellow student to explain it to you, read and re-read the textbook, and/or visit the professor during office hours, but learn it no matter what.
I was normally an ace in math, perhaps because my mother is a college math professor who was taking calculus classes while I was in the womb. Plus my father was an aerospace engineer, so I’ve certainly got the genes for it. But there were a couple topics I found incomprehensible when they were first introduced: eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
I’m a highly visual learner, which is normally a strength academically, but I found these abstract concepts difficult to visualize. Many of my classmates found them confusing too. I invested the extra effort required to grasp these concepts and earned an A in the class because I treated my confusion as a bug that had to be fixed immediately. Those students who allowed their confusion to linger found themselves becoming more and more lost as the course progressed, and cramming at the end couldn’t bestow complete comprehension. Just like programming bugs, confusion multiplies if left untreated, so stamp it out as early as possible.
If you’re confused about anything you’re being taught, you’ve got a bug that needs fixing. Don’t move on until you can honestly say to yourself, “Yes, I understand that… what’s next?”
Ideally there should be no need to study outside of class, at least in the sense of relearning material you didn’t learn the first time. You can review old material to refresh your memory, but you shouldn’t have to devote a minute of your time to learning something that was taught a month or two earlier.
During finals I was probably the least-stressed student of all. I didn’t have to study because by the time the final exam came up, in my mind the course was already over. The test was just a formality. While everyone else was cramming, I’d be at the arcade playing video games. I’d already learned the material and completed all the assignments (at least the ones I was going to complete). At most I’d just spend some time reviewing my notes to refresh the material the night before the test. Isn’t this how academic learning is supposed to work? Otherwise what’s the point of showing up to class for an entire semester?
During each semester ask yourself this question: Am I ready to be tested right now on everything that has been taught up to this point? If your answer is ever “no,” then you know you’re falling behind, and you need to catch up immediately. Ideally you should be able to answer “yes” to this question at least once a week for every subject.
Falling behind even a little is an enormous stressor and time waster. First, you have to go back and re-learn the old material when the rest of the class has already moved on. Secondly, you may not learn the new material as well if it builds on the old material because you lack a solid foundation, so you just end up falling further and further behind. Then when you come to the end of the semester, you end up having to re-learn everything you were supposed to learn. But because you cram at the last minute, after finals you forget everything anyway. What’s the point of that silliness? It’s like overspending on a credit card that charges you 25% interest. Eventually you’ll have to pay up, and it will cost you a lot more time in the long run.
Put in the effort to learn your material well enough to get As in all your classes. It will pay off. Much of the material you learn will build on earlier material. If you get As in your freshman courses, you’ll be well prepared to pile on new material in your sophomore year. But if you get Cs that first year, you’re already going into your second year with an unstable foundation, making it that much harder to bring your grades up and really master the material. Make straight As your goal every semester.
In the long run, it’s much easier. I found that C students tended to work a lot harder than I did, especially in their junior and senior years, because they were always playing catch up. Despite my packed schedule, it wasn’t stressful for me because I kept on top of every subject. Consequently, I had plenty of time for fun while other students experienced lots of stress because they constantly felt unprepared.
9. Master advanced memory techniques.
One of the keys to learning material the first time it’s taught is to train yourself in advanced memory techniques. I used them often in classes that required rote memorization of certain facts, including names, dates, and mathematical formulas. If a teacher wrote something on the board that had to be memorized verbatim for an upcoming exam, I’d memorize it then and there. Then I wouldn’t have to go back and study it later.I’m sure you’ve encountered simple mnemonic techniques such as using the phrase “Every good boy does fine” to memorize the musical notes E, G, B, D, and F. Those kinds of tricks work well in certain situations, but they’re so grammar school. There are far more efficient visual techniques. The two I relied on most in school were chaining and pegging.
It’s beyond the scope of this article to explain these techniques in detail, but you can simply visit this site to learn all about them. Or you can pick up a book on memory improvement, such as The Memory Book by Harry Lorayne. I recommend learning from a book because then you’ll build a solid foundation step by step.
These techniques will allow you to memorize information very rapidly. For example, with pegging I could usually memorize a list of 20 items in about 90 seconds with perfect recall even weeks later. Experts at this are faster. Anyone can do it — it’s just a matter of training yourself.
I still use these techniques today. Chaining allows me to memorize my speeches visually. When I give a speech, my imagination runs through the visual movie I’ve created while I select words on the fly to fit the images. It’s like narrating a movie.
My speech isn’t memorized word for word, so it sounds natural and spontaneous and can be adapted on the fly to fit the situation. Memorizing visually is much faster and more robust than trying to memorize words. If you memorize a speech word for word and forget a line, it can really throw you off. But with a series of images, it’s easier to jump ahead to the next frame if you make a mistake. Our brains are better suited to visualize memorization than phonetic memorization.
I don’t recommend memorizing by repetition because it’s way too slow. Pegging and chaining do not require repetition — they allow you to embed strong memories on a single pass, usually in seconds. The downside is that pegging and chaining require a lot of up-front practice to master, but once you learn them, these are valuable skills you’ll have for life. I also found that learning these techniques seemed to improve my memory as a whole, even when I’m not actively trying to memorize. I think this practice trained my subconscious to store and recall information more effectively.
It’s a shame these techniques aren’t normally taught in school. They would save students an enormous amount of time. Do yourself a favor and learn them while you’re young. They have a lot of practical applications, including remembering people’s names.
10. Have some serious fun!
Challenge yourself academically, but give yourself plenty of time for fun as well. Don’t squander your leisure time hanging around doing nothing. Go out and do something active that will blow off steam and increase your energy.One of my favorite college leisure activities was frisbee golf (also called disc golf). I used to play for hours at night with a couple friends, sometimes until my fingers became blistered… or until campus security gave us the boot for hitting one too many non-player students.
While playing frisbee golf, we would often have to scavenge through bushes, wade through fountains, and climb over various hazards trying to recover errant frisbees. It was always lots of fun, and we’d usually “play through” these obstacles.
Several hours of frisbee golf served as a delightful reward at the end of a challenging week. I still remember an incredible “hole in one” shot I made from a second-story balcony to hit a light post at the edge of a soccer field.
My biggest regret about college is that I didn’t have a girlfriend during that time. If I had it to do all over again, I probably would have added an extra semester and taken fewer classes to make time for that someone special. I had the opportunity, but I had to pass it up because my schedule was too packed. Girlfriends can be a lot of fun, but most aren’t very efficient.
This article’s advice centers on making your college experience as rich and memorable as possible. Get your school work done quickly and efficiently, so you have plenty of time for the variety of activities college can offer. Join clubs. Play frisbee golf. Get a boyfriend or girlfriend. The worst thing you can do is spend your time falling behind academically due to poor habits, feeling stressed and unprepared all the time, and then playing catch up. Squeeze as much juice out of college as you can, and let it serve as a springboard to a lifetime of fulfillment.
People often assume my aggressive schedule must have been stressful and exhausting, but the irony is that it was just the opposite. I seemed to have an easier, more enjoyable experience than my peers. Students with lighter schedules slacked off and fell behind because they convinced themselves they could make up for it later. But I couldn’t afford to do that because it would have been impossible for me to catch up on a dozen different classes… and way too stressful to even think about it.
If I fell even a week behind, I’d be in serious trouble. So I was compelled to develop good habits that kept me perpetually relaxed, focused, and energized. Many of the habits discussed above were simply the result of setting the goal to graduate in three semesters. That goal dictated the process. I’m very grateful for the experience because it showed me just how much more effective we can be when we push ourselves beyond our comfort zones. It taught me to keep setting goals beyond what I feel certain I can accomplish. Many times what we assume to be impossible just isn’t. We only think it is.
Social Study Network
What is social network ?
A social network is a social structure made up of individuals (or organizations) called "nodes", which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types ofinterdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige.Social network analysis views social relationships in terms of network theory consisting of nodes and ties (also called edges, links, or connections). Nodes are the individual actors within the networks, and ties are the relationships between the actors.
The resulting graph-based structures are often very complex. There can be many kinds of ties between the nodes. Research in a number of academic fields has shown that social networks operate on many levels, from families up to the level of nations, and play a critical role in determining the way problems are solved, organizations are run, and the degree to which individuals succeed in achieving their goals.
In its simplest form, a social network is a map of specified ties, such as friendship, between the nodes being studied. The nodes to which an individual is thus connected are the social contacts of that individual. The network can also be used to measure social capital – the value that an individual gets from the social network. These concepts are often displayed in a social network diagram, where nodes are the points and ties are the lines.
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Friday, November 26, 2010
Engineering Study in India
India is developing industrially and technically, consequently the requirement for skilled professionals is also increasing. Many engineering colleges have opened to meet the rising demands of the industry. To study engineering in India getting admitted to the right college is very important. Admission to any of the technical colleges is through different entrance examinations conducted throughout the country.Engineering courses:
Following are some of the popular engineering branches in India:Information technology
Aerospace engineering
Automobile engineering
Mechanical engineering
Civil engineering
Computer engineering
Mining engineering
Chemical engineering
Electrical engineering
Electronics and communication engineering
Software engineering
Marine engineering
Engineering colleges in India:
To study engineering in India, the most important thing to be considered is the college. The infrastructure, faculty and the placement records are some of the things that you need to check before enrolling in any of the engineering colleges. The first college to be established in 1847, was the Thomason College of Civil Engineering, Roorkee, which is now known as the Roorkee University.
Top Engineering Colleges in India:
Indian Institutes of Technology
National Institute of Technology
Birla Institute of Technology Science, Pilani, Rajasthan
Bhabha Institute of Engineering and Technology
Haldia Institute of Technology
Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology
Regional Engineering Colleges
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Vellore Engineering College
IT-BHU, Varanasi
National Institute of Advanced Studies in Architecture (NIASA), Pune
Bengal Engineering College
Engineering is one of the most sought after career options that paves the way for a brighter future. So, on this page, we have tried to cover various aspects that go into studying for engineering in India. We have tried to understand Engineering Studies in India by broaching on the topics like- Engineering Courses in India, Engineering Entrance Exams, Syllabus for Engineering Entrance Exams, Engineering Entrance Coaching Institutes and finally touching the points that need to be concentrated upon while preparing for Engineering Entrance Tests.Now, Please find links below to access information on the same-
Engineering Courses in India
Engineering Entrance Exam
Tuesday, November 16, 2010
What is Engineering in morden world ?
What is engineering? What is an engineer?? Although it is a very old activity or trade, engineering is a relatively young academic discipline or profession. Only in recent years has it reached a stage of maturity where some of its defining details and differentiating characteristics can be articulated.
What is engineering? What is an engineer??
Although it is a very old activity or trade, engineering is a
relatively young academic discipline or profession. Only in recent years has it reached a stage of maturity where some of its defining details and differentiating characteristics can be articulated.
Engineering is the endeavor that creates, maintains, develops, and applies technology for societies' needs and desires. Its origins go back to the very beginning of human civilization where tools were first created and developed. Indeed, a good case can be made for the defining of humans as those animals that create, develop, and
understand the significance of technology.
talking, hearing, and seeing. The microscope, telescope, and medical x-ray are also extensions of human sight and vision. Writing, books, libraries and computer data-bases are extensions of human memory and the computer itself is an extension of the human's brain in doing arithmetic and carrying out logical arguments and
procedures. Indeed, looking around your environment in almost any setting, will illustrate just how pervasive technology is. In almost any home or office, there is very little that is truly "natural"; i.e., little that is not created or manipulated by technology. The food that you eat, the utensils that you eat with, the table that you eat off of, the house that you are in, the clothes that you wear, the book that you read, the television that you watch, the telephone that you communicate with, the car that you travel in -- these are all technologies created by human cleverness to satisfy human needs. This process of creation is engineering and those who do the creating are practicing engineering, whether they call themselves engineers or not.
sciences and mathematics for that process that is engineering. It is a central part of the history of humanity.
must be addressed.
parents and high school and college counselors as well. It is for the university engineering student and professor and for the university administrator. It is for the state and federal governments who fund engineering education and research and the investor who invests in technology. It is for the husband, wife, parent, or child who wants to better understand their spouse,child, or parent. It is for everyone who accepts the argument that
a human is a technological animal and that technology has a pervasive effect on our lives.
An important part of this note is the list of references. This collection of short essays is intended to open many topics and ideas, not develop them. A rather long list of references is given to allow the reader to pursue any of the many ideas further.
and explanations, but not in creating the phenomena that it studies. Science has its own philosophy with an epistemology, esthetics, and logic. It has its own technology in order to carry out its investigations, build its tools, and pursue its goals. Science has its organizations, culture, and methods of inquiry. It has its "scientific method" which has served as a model (for better or for worse) in many other disciplines.
technological development, but science is a central player in that story. Science is often paired with the arts (and Humanities and Social Sciences) in the “College of Arts and Science” of a traditional university.
Engineering is the creation, maintenance, and development of things that have not existed in the natural world
and that satisfy some human desire or need. A television set does not grow on a tree. It is the creation of human ingenuity that first fulfilled a fantasy of a human need and then went on to change the very society that created it. I use the term "things" because one should include computer programs, organizational paradigms, and mathematical algorithms in addition to cars, radios, plastics, and bridges.
made things to supplement natural science which was developed to study natural phenomena. Parts of computer science are wonderful examples of that. Engineering has its own philosophy and methodology and its own economics. It even has its own National Academy.
particular writer or designer and perhaps unique to the creator.
exist in nature. Perhaps, therefore, the areas of pure science are very limited. On the other hand, since people are members of our natural system, an argument can be made that their products are as natural as anything else and, therefore, the areas of pure scientific study are very broad. Clearly engineering is constrained
in what it can create by the laws of science as everything is. Nevertheless, there is a difference in spirit in the two disciplines worth trying to delineate.
form of apprenticeship. As it developed into a profession and more recently as an academic discipline, it took on the shape of other academic disciplines, with preparation being an education rather than a training. An important turning point in the Unites States was the land grant college act (Morrill act) of 1862 which established an institution for the teaching of agriculture and the mechanical arts (engineering) in each state. This officially legitimated engineering in higher education although it still had the form of training. Interestingly, this act came into being during the American Civil War and was signed by Abraham Lincoln.
Introduction
What is engineering? What is an engineer??
Although it is a very old activity or trade, engineering is a
relatively young academic discipline or profession. Only in recent years has it reached a stage of maturity where some of its defining details and differentiating characteristics can be articulated.Engineering is the endeavor that creates, maintains, develops, and applies technology for societies' needs and desires. Its origins go back to the very beginning of human civilization where tools were first created and developed. Indeed, a good case can be made for the defining of humans as those animals that create, develop, and
understand the significance of technology.
Over time, the part of technology that acts
as an extension of human capabilities became the purview of engineering. One can view bicycles, cars, and trains as extensions of walking and running. Airplanes are an extension and application of a bird's ability to fly transferred to humans. The telegraph, telephone, radio, television, and the internet are extensions oftalking, hearing, and seeing. The microscope, telescope, and medical x-ray are also extensions of human sight and vision. Writing, books, libraries and computer data-bases are extensions of human memory and the computer itself is an extension of the human's brain in doing arithmetic and carrying out logical arguments and
procedures. Indeed, looking around your environment in almost any setting, will illustrate just how pervasive technology is. In almost any home or office, there is very little that is truly "natural"; i.e., little that is not created or manipulated by technology. The food that you eat, the utensils that you eat with, the table that you eat off of, the house that you are in, the clothes that you wear, the book that you read, the television that you watch, the telephone that you communicate with, the car that you travel in -- these are all technologies created by human cleverness to satisfy human needs. This process of creation is engineering and those who do the creating are practicing engineering, whether they call themselves engineers or not.
Not only is much of the inanimate world
created by engineering, part of the living world is also. Almost all crops and agriculturally produced food stuff are "engineered" through selective breeding. The same is true of domestic animals such as pets and animals raised for food or sport. Certainly the dogs, cats, and cattle have not "naturally" evolved to their current state. They have been “created” or “designed” to satisfy human desires or needs. The slow and less exact methods of controlled breeding are being replaced by genetic engineering, tissue engineering, and applications of nanotechnology. We humans have the cleverness to do that. It is the development of the tools, theories, and methods and the understanding of the appropriatesciences and mathematics for that process that is engineering. It is a central part of the history of humanity.
Not only has engineering made our lives
easier and longer, it has sometimes made them more terrible and shorter through improving our ability to kill and harm when we wage war. Indeed, military and defense needs have been a historic driver of technological advancement. One of the earliest categorizations of engineering was into military and civilian (or civil) engineering.
Because technology enables and causes change,
it and its creators, the engineers, are viewed with mixed feelings. This is especially true in modern (perhaps post-modern) times when the negative side effects (“unintended consequences”) of technologymust be addressed.
This note is an attempt to address the
question of what engineering is and then that of what an engineer is. It is intended for the general public to better understand just what this thing that has such a profound effect on our individual and collective lives is. The note is intended for the student who is considering becoming an engineer and, therefore, it is forparents and high school and college counselors as well. It is for the university engineering student and professor and for the university administrator. It is for the state and federal governments who fund engineering education and research and the investor who invests in technology. It is for the husband, wife, parent, or child who wants to better understand their spouse,child, or parent. It is for everyone who accepts the argument that
a human is a technological animal and that technology has a pervasive effect on our lives.
An important part of this note is the list of references. This collection of short essays is intended to open many topics and ideas, not develop them. A rather long list of references is given to allow the reader to pursue any of the many ideas further.
Science and Engineering
One of the first distinctions that must be made is between science and engineering. It is not a simple distinction because the two are so interdependent and intertwined, but whatever difference there is needs to be considered.Science is the study of “natural” phenomena.
It is the collection of theories, models, laws, and facts about the physical world and the methods used to create this collection. Physics, chemistry, biology, geology, etc. try to understand, describe, and explain the physical world that would exist even if there were no humans. It is creative in building theories, models,and explanations, but not in creating the phenomena that it studies. Science has its own philosophy with an epistemology, esthetics, and logic. It has its own technology in order to carry out its investigations, build its tools, and pursue its goals. Science has its organizations, culture, and methods of inquiry. It has its "scientific method" which has served as a model (for better or for worse) in many other disciplines.
Science is old. It was part of the original
makeup of a university or college in the form of natural philosophy. It came out of antiquity, developed in the middle ages, blossomed in the renaissance, was the tool of the enlightenment, and came into its present maturity in modernity. Indeed, the history of science is, in some ways, a history of intellectual development. This is certainly only true in conjunction with many other strains of philosophical, economical, theological, andtechnological development, but science is a central player in that story. Science is often paired with the arts (and Humanities and Social Sciences) in the “College of Arts and Science” of a traditional university.
Engineering is the creation, maintenance, and development of things that have not existed in the natural world
and that satisfy some human desire or need. A television set does not grow on a tree. It is the creation of human ingenuity that first fulfilled a fantasy of a human need and then went on to change the very society that created it. I use the term "things" because one should include computer programs, organizational paradigms, and mathematical algorithms in addition to cars, radios, plastics, and bridges.
Science is the study of what is and
engineering is the creation of can be. Only recently has engineering developed the set of characteristics that make it a legitimate academic discipline. Earlier, engineering often was viewed only as the application of natural science. Now, engineering has developed its own engineering science for the study of humanmade things to supplement natural science which was developed to study natural phenomena. Parts of computer science are wonderful examples of that. Engineering has its own philosophy and methodology and its own economics. It even has its own National Academy.
We differentiate science and engineering, not
because their difference is great, but because, in many ways, it is small. Science could not progress without technology, and engineering certainly could not flourish without science and mathematics.A more illuminating comparison might be
between the humanities and engineering. One might find more similarity in style (not content) between English literature and engineering than between science and engineering. Both literature and engineering are the study of human created artifacts. Both teach creation in the form of creative writing and engineering design. Both teach analysis in the form of literary criticism and engineering analysis. Both are intimately connected with the needs and desires of individuals and society. A similar analogy could be made between art and engineering looking at studio art, art criticism, and art history.Most scientists (but not all) feel there is
some unique objective truth behind the physical phenomena they are studying. Their goal is to find it and describe and explain it, and this truth is unique although the approaches and approximations to it are certainly not. In literature and engineering, the designed entity is not unique to the situation, but it is a creation of theparticular writer or designer and perhaps unique to the creator.
The distinctions of this section are not as
clean or clear as have been presented here. The boundary between science and engineering can be and often is murky. Many items of study in science are influenced if not literally created by people. This is obviously true in biology and the life sciences but also true in physics where certain elements in the periodic table do notexist in nature. Perhaps, therefore, the areas of pure science are very limited. On the other hand, since people are members of our natural system, an argument can be made that their products are as natural as anything else and, therefore, the areas of pure scientific study are very broad. Clearly engineering is constrained
in what it can create by the laws of science as everything is. Nevertheless, there is a difference in spirit in the two disciplines worth trying to delineate.
Engineering Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
In early times, the practice of engineering was that of a trade or craft with training occurring through someform of apprenticeship. As it developed into a profession and more recently as an academic discipline, it took on the shape of other academic disciplines, with preparation being an education rather than a training. An important turning point in the Unites States was the land grant college act (Morrill act) of 1862 which established an institution for the teaching of agriculture and the mechanical arts (engineering) in each state. This officially legitimated engineering in higher education although it still had the form of training. Interestingly, this act came into being during the American Civil War and was signed by Abraham Lincoln.
World-War II was the second turning point
when it was discovered that many of the technical innovations necessary for that effort came from scientists, mathematicians, and theoretically educated engineers rather than traditionally trained engineers. Most engineers prior to that time had been trained to develop and apply ideas already in existence, not to create new solutions to new problems. After WWII, the university curricula in engineering became much more scientific and mathematical. It took on more elements of an education rather than a training. It slowly became a real academic discipline in its own right rather than only an application of other disciplines. However, it retains the integrating role of applying the physical and life sciences using some of the tools of the social sciences, law, and policy and the values derived from the humanities, letters, arts, and business.We are now going through a third transition
in engineering in response to many factors in society and in technology itself. In the larger picture, society went through the agricultural phase, the industrial phase, and now the information phase. These three phases of civilization created and were created by the most powerful and applicable technologies of the time. Engineering is and will be the creative element in the information age as it has been in preceding ages.
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